GLIMPSES OF BALOCHI LEXICOGRAPHY: SOME ICONYMS FOR THE LANDSCAPE AND THEIR MOTIVATION
Keywords:
Keywords: linguistics, lexicography, body part terms, Iranian linguistics, BalochiAbstract
The speakers of any language, even if at a small extent, concur to change the lexicon, which they have inherited as a whole. They are driven to do that by the necessity of naming something new or optimizing the onomasiological salience of already existing words, with a continuous changing in the way they express concepts. In order to avoid an overloading of the memory system, they are encouraged to recycle what is already existent in the lexicon. Through a small set of associative strategies, people relate a concept which has already been verbalized, with another one which has to be verbalized, producing lexical changes. Over time, however, the conceptual motivation which originated a particular designation becomes obscure to speakers. Large scale lexical surveys aid us in discovering recurrent schemas of designating a concept and recovering the relevant motivation for each designation, i.e. its ‘iconym’ (the Engl. term iconym has been currently utilized, e.g., by Joachim Grzega in his contributions to Onomasiology Online).
References
References
Abaev, Vasilij I. 1958–1989. Istoriko-ètimologičeskij slovar´ osetinskogo jazyka. 4 vols. ( Moskva ) & Leningrad: Izd. AN SSSR (vol. 1), Nauka (voll. 2-4)
Ahmedzai, Agha Nasir Khan. n.d. Unpublished notes for a Balochi-Brahui- Urdu English dictionary. Rakhshani dialect (including dialectal variants), lists more than 15,000 words and phrases. A copy of the manuscript is at the Archives of the Comparative Etymological Balochi Dictionary Project (compiled in the 1970s and 1980s). On the first page of the manuscript is the following annotation: “checked by the late Mir Gul Khan Naseer 7/9/83”.
Alinei, Mario. 1997. Principi di teoria motivazionale (iconimia) e di lessicologia motivazionale (iconomastica). In Lessicologia e lessicografia, Atti del XX Convegno della Società Italiana di Glottologia (Chieti-Pescara, 12‒14 Ottobre 1995). Roma: Il Calamo. 9‒36. Ata Shad (ˁAṭā Šād). 1968. Balōčināma [in Urdu]. Lahore: Markazi Urdu Board.
Bailey, Harold W. 1967. Prolexis to the book of Zambasta. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bailey, Harold W. 1979. Dictionary of Khotan Saka. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Barbera, Gerardo. n.d. Unpublished notes for a Molkigâl Baškardi-English Dictionary, 1,750 words.
Barker, Muhammad A. & Aqil Khan Mengal. 1969. A course in Baluchi. Vols. 1–2. Montreal:Institute of Islamic Studies, McGill University
Benveniste, Emile. 1955. Études sur quelques textes sogdiens chrétiens (I).
Journal asiatique 243. 298‒335.
Bray, Denis. 1934. The Brāhūī Language, part II – The Brāhūī problem; part III – etymological vocabulary. Delhi: Manager of Publications.
Burrow, Thomas & Murray B. Emeneau. 1984. A Dravidian etymological dictionary. Oxford:Clarendon Press.
Glimpses of Balochi Lexicography: Some Iconyms for the Landscape
and their motivation
Christensen, Arthur, Walter Henning & Kaj Barr. 1939. IranischeDialektaufzeichnungen aus dem Nachlass von F. C. Andreas, Abhandlungen der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen, III/11. Berlin: Weidmannsche Verlagsbuchhandlung.
Coletti, Alessandro. 1981. Baluchi of Mirjave (Iran). Roma: Edizioni A.C.
Dames, Mansel L. 1891. A text book of the Balochi language, consisting of miscellaneous stories, legends, poems and a Balochi-English vocabulary. Lahore: Punjab Government Press. Part IV, 1‒117.
Dames, Mansel L. 1904. A historical and ethnological sketch. London: The Royal Asiatic Society.
Dames, Mansel L. 1907. Popular poetry of the Baloches. Vols. 1‒2. London: The Royal Asiatic Society.
Dames, Mansel L. 1913. Balōčistān. In The encyclopædia of Islam: A dictionary of the geography, ethnography and biography of the Muhammadan peoples. Vol. 2: B‒D. Leiden: E. J. Brill. 625‒640.
Eilers, Wilhelm. 1987. Iranische Ortsnamenstudien. Wien: Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
Eilers, Wilhelm. 1988. Der Name Demawend. Hildesheim, Zürich & New York: Olms Verlag.
Elfenbein, Josef. 1963. A vocabulary of Marw Baluchi. Naples: Istituto Universitario Orientale.
Elfenbein, Josef. 1983. A Brahui supplementary vocabulary. Indo-Iranian Journal 25. 191–209.
Elfenbein, Josef. 1990. An anthology of classical and modern Baluchi literature. II: Glossary.Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Adriano V. Rossi
Evans, Vyvyan & Melanie Green. 2006. Cognitive linguistics: An introduction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Farhang-e joɣrāfiāi-ye Irān. 1328–1332.10 vols. Tehran.
Filippone, Ela. 1996. Spatial models and locative expressions in Balochi.
Naples: Istituto Universitario Orientale.
Filippone, Ela. 2006. The body and the landscape. Metaphorical strategies in the lexicon of the Iranian languages. In Antonio Panaino & Riccardo Zipoli (eds.), Proceedings of the 5 th conference of the Societas Iranologica Europaea held in Ravenna, 6–11 October 2003.
Vol. II. Classical & contemporary Iranian studies. Milano: Mimesis. 365–389.
Filippone, Ela. 2010. The fingers and their names in the Iranian languages.
Wien: Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
Geiger, Wilhelm. 1890. Etymologie des Balūčī. Abhandlungen der Königlichen bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, I. Cl. 19/1. 105‒ 153.
Geiger, Wilhelm. 1891. Lautlehre des Balūčī. Abhandlungen der Königlichen bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 19/2. 397‒464.
Gilbertson, George W. 1925. English-Balochi colloquial dictionary.
Hertford: Stephen Austin & Sons.
Hanley, Barbara. 1981. Concise English-Pushto dictionary. Quetta: Afghan Publishers.
Hasandust, Mohammad. 2011. A comparative-thematic dictionary of the Iranian languages and dialects. Tehrān: Farhangestān-e zabān va adab- e fārsi.
Junker, Heinrich F. J. 1930. Arische Forschungen. Yaghnobi-Studien I: Die Sprachgeographische Gliederung des Yaghnōb-Tales. Abhandlungen der
Glimpses of Balochi Lexicography: Some Iconyms for the Landscape
and their motivation
philologisch-historischen Klasse der sächsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 41 / 2.
Kabir, Habib & Wardag Akbar. 1999. Dictionnaire pashto-français. Paris: L’Asiathèque.
Korn, Agnes. 2005. Towards a historical grammar of Balochi. Studies in historical phonology and vocabulary. Wiesbaden: Reichert.
Kövecses, Zoltán. 2002. Metaphor: A practical introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kövecses, Zoltán. 2005. Metaphor in culture: Universality and variation.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lakoff, George. 1987. Women, fire, and dangerous things: What categories reveal about the mind. Chicago: University of Chicago.
Lorimer, John G. 1902. Grammar and vocabulary of Waziri Pashto. Calcutta: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India.
Mayer, Thomas J. L. 1909. English-Biluchi dictionary. Lahore: Sheikh Mubarak Ali.
Mayrhofer, Manfred. 1956‒1980. Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen.Vol. III, 1976. Heidelberg: Winter.
Mayrhofer, Manfred. 1992‒2001. Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen. Vol. I, 1992 ; Vol. II, 1996; Vol. III, 2001. Winter: Heidelberg.
Mitha Khan Marri (Miṭhā Xān Marrī) & Surat Khan (Sūrat Xān). 1970.
Balochi-Urdu Lughat [ in Urdu]. Quetta: Balochi Academy.
Adriano V. Rossi
Mokri, Mohammad. 1997. Le nom de « vallée » dans les toponymes iraniens. Paris-Louvain: Éditions Peeters.
Morgenstierne, Georg. 1927. An etymological vocabulary of Pashto. Oslo: I komisjon hos Jacob Dybwad.
Morgenstierne, Georg. 1930. The Wanetsi dialect of Pashto. Norsk tidsskrift for sprogvidenskap 4. 156‒175.
Morgenstierne, Georg. 1946‒1948. Balochi miscellanea. Acta Orientalia 20. 253‒292.
Morgenstierne, Georg. 1973. Irano-Dardica. Wiesbaden: Reichert.
Morgenstierne, Georg. 2003. A new etymological vocabulary of Pashto. Compiled and edited by Josef Elfenbein, David N. MacKenzie & Nicholas Sims-Williams. Wiesbaden: Reichert.
Pashtoon, Zeeya A. Pashto-English dictionary. Hyattsville: Dunwoody Press.
Pozdena, Hans. 1978. Das Dashtiari-Gebiet in Persisch-Belutschistan. Eine regional-geographische Studie. Wien: Verlag A. Schendl.
Rastorgueva, Vera S. & Džoj I. Èdel'man. 2007. Ètimologičeskij slovar' iranskix jazykov. Vol. III. Moskva: Izdatel'skaja firma « Vostočnaja literatura » RAN.
Razzaq, Abdul, Mula Buksh & Tim Farrell. 2001. Unpublished manuscriptBalochi Ganj. BalochiEnglish dictionary, 19,631 entries, fourth draft.
Rossi, Adriano V. 1979. Iranian lexical elements in Brāhūī. Naples: Istituto Universitario Orientale. Rossi, Adriano V. 1998. Ossetic and Balochi in V.
I. Abaev’s Slovar’. In Studia iranica et alanica. Festschrift for Prof. Vasilij Ivanovič Abaev on the Occasion of His 95th Birthday. Rome: IsIAO. 373– 431.
Glimpses of Balochi Lexicography: Some Iconyms for the Landscape
and their motivation
Rossi, Adriano V. 2016. Problemi di etimologia areale nel Mediterraneo orientale: gr. κύμβαχος nel suo retroterra asiatico. Linguarum varietas. An International Journal 5. 211–227.
Rzehak, Lutz & Bedollah Naruyi (eds.). 2007. Abdurrahman Pahwal, Balochi Gâlband. Balochi, Pashto, Dari & English dictionary. Kabul: Al- Azhar Book Co.
Hashmi Baloch, Sayad. 2000. Sayad Ganj. The first Balochi dictionary [in Balochi]. Karachi:Sayad Hashmi Academy.
Septfonds, Daniel. 1994. Le Dzadrâni. Un parler pashto du Paktyâ (Afghanistan). Louvain-Paris:Peeters.
Spooner, Brian. 1967. Notes on the Baluchī spoken in Persian Baluchistan. Iran 5. 51‒71.
Spooner, Brian. 1971. Notes on the toponymy of Persian Makran. In C. E. Bosworth (ed.), Iran & Islam. In memory of the late Vladimir Minorsky, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 517‒533.
Steblin-Kamenskij, Ivan M. 1999. Ètimologičeskij slovar' vaxanskogo jazyka. Sankt-Peterburg:Peterburgskoe Vostokovedenie.
Tremblay, Xavier. 2005. Irano-Tocharica et Tocharo-Iranica. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 68 (3). 421‒449.
Turner, Ralph L. 1966. A comparative dictionary of the Indo-Aryan languages. London: Oxford University Press.
Xromov, Aleksandr L. 1975. Očerki po toponimii i mikrotoponimii Tadžikistana, 1. Dušanbe: Irfon.
