Development of height inequality in Zea mays L. and Panicum capillare L. when grown under stress conditions.

Authors

  • A. Hameed Baloch (1) Faculty of Agriculture, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal Balochistan Pakistan.
  • Imtiaz Ahmed (2) Faculty of Water Resources Management, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal Balochistan Pakistan.
  • Saeed Ahmed (1) Faculty of Agriculture, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal Balochistan Pakistan.
  • M. Aslam Buzdar (1) Faculty of Agriculture, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal Balochistan Pakistan.

Keywords:

Zea mays L., Panicum capillare L., Lasbela, size inequality, Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient.

Abstract

Panicum capillare L. (Poaceae) is an annual, dominant weed of cotton, maize and other economically important crops of Lasbela District of Balochistan province of Pakistan. The effect of P. capillare competition on size inequality of well-fertilized and irrigated crop of maize (Zea mays L.) was studied at a local farm of Uthal area of Lasbela District. The traditional method (broadcasting) of seeding of Z. mays was implemented during the present study.  Monoculture and mixture plots (1 x 1 m-2) of P. capillare and Z. mays were established with four replicates. The plant heights of weed and crop were measured after 30 days of seeding and recorded every ten day interval till the final harvest (70 days after seeding).

References

Anten, N.P.R. and Hirose T. 2001. Limitations on photosynthesis of competing individuals in stands and the consequences for canopy structure. Oecologia. 129: 186-196.

Ballaré, C.L., Scopel, A.L., Jordan, E.T. and Vlestra R.D. 1994. Signaling among neighboring plants and the development of size inequalities in plant populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 91: 10094-10098.

Baloch, A.H., Ahmed, I., Ahmed, S., and Buzdar, M.A. 2013. Ecological aspects of weeds in cotton fields of District Lasbela, Balochistan, Pakistan. In press.

Clements, D. R., DiTommaso, A., Darbyshire, S. J., Cavers, P. B. and Sartonov, A. D. 2004. The biology of Canadian weeds. 127. Panicum capillare L. Can. J. Plant Sci. 84: 327–341.

DiTommaso, A. and A.K. Watson. 1997. Effect of the fungal pathogen, Colletotrichum coccodes, on Abutilon theophrasti height hierarchy development. J. Appl. Ecol. 34: 518-529.

Annual Research Journal Hankēn Vol.5, 2013

Dixon, P.M. 1993. The bootstrap and the jackknife: Describing the precision of ecological indices. In Design and Analysis of Ecological Experiments (S.M. Scheiner & J. Gurevitch eds) pp. 290-318. Chapman & Hall, London UK.

Dixon, P.M., J. Weiner, T. Mitchell-Olds and R. Woodley. 1987. Bootstrapping the Gini coefficient of inequality. Ecology 68: 1548-1551.

Dutilleul, P. 1998. Incorporating scale in study design and data analysis. In Scale Issues in Ecology. (Peterson D.L. and Parker, V.T. Eds.) New York, Columbia University Press NY. pp. 387-425.

Ellison, A.M. 1987. Density-dependent dynamics of Salicornia europaea monocultures. Ecology 63: 737-741.

Firbank, L.G. and A.R. Watkinson. 1987. On the analysis of competition at the level of the individual plant. Oecologia 71: 308-317.

Ford, E.D. 1975. Competition and stand structure in some even-aged plant monocultures. Journal of Ecology 63: 311-333.

Fuska, P., Hakl, J., Kocourková, and Veselá, M. 2004. Influence of weed infestation on morphological parameters of maize (Zea mays L.) Plant and Environ. 50: 371-378.

Holm, L., Pancho, J. V., Herberger, J. P. and Plucknett, D. L. 1979. A geographical atlas of World weeds. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY. 391 pp.

Kroh, G. C. and Stephenson, S. N. 1980. Effects of diversity and pattern on relative yields of four Michigan first year fallow field plant species. Oecologia 45: 366–371.

Mehran, F. 1975. Bound on the Gini index based on observed points of the Lorenz curve. J. Am. Stat. Associat. 70: 64-66.

A. Hameed Baloch et al

Miller, T.E. and J. Weiner 1989. Local density variation may mimic effects of asymmetric competition on plant size variability. Ecology 70: 1188-1191.

Moulina, B., C. Loup, M. Chartier, J.M. Allirand and C. Edelin. 1999. Dynamics of architectural development of isolated plant of maize (Zea mays L.), in a non-limiting environment: the branching potential of modern maize. Annals of Botany, 84: 645-656.

Nagashima, H., I. Terashims, and S. Katoch. 1995. Effect of plant density on frequency distribution of plant height in Chenopodium album stand: analysis based on continuous monitoring of height-growth of individual plants. Ann. Bot. 75: 173-180.

Schwinning, S. and J. Weiner. 1998. Mechanisms determing the degree of size asymmetry in competition among plants. Oecologia 113: 447-455.

Sen, A. 1973. On Economic Inequality. Clarendon, Oxford, UK. 260 p.

Shumway, D.L. and R.T. Koide. 1995. Size and reproductive inequality in mycorrhizal and nonmyccorrhizal population of Abutilon theophrasti. J. Ecol. 83: 613-620.

Thomas, S.C. and F.A. Bazzaz. 1993. The genetic component in plant size hierarchies: norms of reaction to density in a Polygonum species. Ecological Monographs 63: 231-249.

Walker, R.H., T. Whitwell, J.R. Harris, D.L. Thourlow and J.A. McGuire. 1981. Sicklepod control in soybean with herbicide, row spacing and planting dates. Alabama Agric. Exp. Stn. Highlights of Agric. Res. 28: 18.

Weiner, J. 1985. Size hierarchies in experimental population of annual plants. Ecology 66: 743-752.

Annual Research Journal Hankēn Vol.5, 2013

Weiner, J. 1988. Variation in the performance of individuals in plant populations. In Plant population ecology (A.J., Davy, M.J. Hutchings and A.R. Watkinson eds.) pp 59-81. Blackwell, Oxford.

Weiner, J. 1990. Asymmetric competition in plant population. TREE 5: 360-364.

Weiner, J. and O.T. Solberg, 1984. The meaning and measurement of size hierarchies in plant populations. Oecologia 61: 334-336.

Weiner, J. and S.C. Thomas. 1986. Size variability and competition in plant monocultures. Oikos 47: 211-222.

Vega, C.R.C. and V.O. Sadras. 2003. Size-development growth and the development of inequality in Maize, Sunflower and Soybean. Annals of Botany 91: 795-805.

Development of height inequality in Zea mays L. and Panicum capillare L. when grown under stress conditions.

Downloads

Published

2013-12-20

How to Cite

Baloch, A. H. ., Ahmed, I. ., Ahmed, . S. ., & Buzdar, . M. A. (2013). Development of height inequality in Zea mays L. and Panicum capillare L. when grown under stress conditions . Hanken, 5(1), 1–21. Retrieved from http://hanken.uob.edu.pk/journal/index.php/hanken/article/view/165

Issue

Section

Articles